CHLOROQUINE DOES TREAT COVID-19. IT WAS USED TO TREAT SARS IN 2009

CHLOROQUINE  IS SAVING LIVES. 


USA TODAY: APRIL 8, 2020
"Democratic Michigan state Rep. Karen Whitsett gave a testimonial about her experience with COVID-19 and hydroxychloroquine on national television.
Within a few hours of taking the drug, she said she was already in recovery.
While the representative acknowledges that there is no way to verify whether her recovery from COVID-19 was entirely due to the drug without further research, she credits Trump and the anti-malarial treatment for saving her. We rate this claim TRUE because it is supported by our research."



March 23, 2020
"I Was on the Brink of Death and Malaria Drug Saved My Life"

"A Florida man who contracted the coronavirus is crediting his survival with the anti-malaria drug hydroxychloroquine.
Giardinieri, who is 52, recalled falling so ill that he said goodbye to his family, as doctors put him on oxygen and told him there was nothing more they could do for him as he battled the virus.
Rio Giardinieri told KTTV-TV that doctors gave the drug to him Friday while he was in critical condition diagnosed with coronavirus and pneumonia at Joe DiMaggio Children’s Hospital in Hollywood, Florida.
“It allowed me to go to sleep and when I woke up at exactly 4:45 in the morning, I woke up like nothing ever happened,” he said.

Despite reported cases of success in using drugs such as chloroquine to combat COVID-19, Trump has been criticized for being optimistic about their potential.

New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat who announced his state will begin trials on the drug Tuesday, has not faced the same criticism.

Forbes reported New York, which is a hotspot for U.S. cases of coronavirus, has acquired 750,000 doses of chloroquine, 70,000 doses of hydroxychloroquine and 10,000 doses of the antibiotic Zithromax." 

--Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trialConclusion
Available online 20 March 2020
CONCLUSION
"Despite its small sample size our survey shows that hydroxychloroquine treatment is significantly associated with viral load reduction/disappearance in COVID-19 patients and its effect is reinforced by azithromycin."

--Preliminary trials of chloroquine repurposing in the treatment of COVID-19 in China have been encouraging, leading to several new trials. Here we discuss the possible mechanisms of chloroquine interference with the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle.

Conclusion
Chloroquine has been shown to be capable of inhibiting the in vitro replication of several coronaviruses. Recent publications support the hypothesis that chloroquine can improve the clinical outcome of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2


SIMILAR RESULTS HAVE BEEN WRITTEN IN MEDICAL JOURNALS, NEWS HEADLINES, SOCIAL MEDIA "TESTIMONIALS", ETC, FROM MANY NATIONS AROUND THE WORLD, BUT THE MAINSTREAM MEDIA AND LEFT-WING TRUMP-HATERS HERE ARE ALWAYS GOING TO TWIST, SPIN AND LIE ABOUT THESE RESULTS.
I BELIEVE THEY'D RATHER SEE PATIENTS DEPRIVED OF LIFE-SAVING DRUG THERAPIES THAN SEE TRUMP CREDITED WITH ANYTHING POSITIVE.
THIS MAKES THEM MONSTERS IN THE EYES OF MILLIONS.

AMERICAN MAINSTREAM MEDIA REFUSES TO WRITE ABUT RECOVERIES, ABOUT EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS, ABOUT HUMAN BEINGS WHO ARE ALIVE BECAUSE A DRUG TRUMP SUPPORTED THE USE OF ACTUALLY SAVED LIVES. 

U.S. UPDATE AS OF SUNDAY, MARCH 22, 2020: 

ACCORDING TO THE JOHNS HOPKINS WEBSITE, 35,211 cases of the virus have been confirmed in the U.S., leading to at least 471 deaths as of Sunday morning.

(1.3% "DEATH RATE") 
HOW MANY OF THOSE DEATHS WERE ELDERLY PATIENTS (OR OTHERS) WITH PRE-EXISTING MEDICAL CONDITIONS WE MAY NEVER KNOW.

I HAVE NOTICED OTHER NATIONS COUNTING THOSE WHO DIED OF CARDIAC ARREST DURING THEIR ILLNESS ATTRIBUTING THE DEATHS TO COVID-19.

“U.S. CDC research shows that chloroquine has strong potential as a prophylactic (preventative) measure against coronavirus in the lab.

Chloroquine is an inexpensive, globally available drug that has been in widespread human use since 1945 against malaria, autoimmune and various other conditions. “


The CDC has also reported in a peer-reviewed article in Virology Journal that according to its own research,

“…chloroquine has strong antiviral effects on SARS coronavirus, both prophylactically and therapeutically. SARS coronavirus has significant similarities to COVID-19.

 Specifically, the CDC research was completed in primate cells using chloroquine’s well known function of elevating endosomal pH. The results show that “We have identified chloroquine as an effective antiviral agent for SARS-CoV in cell culture conditions, as evidenced by its inhibitory effect when the drug was added prior to infection or after the initiation and establishment of infection.

The fact that chloroquine exerts an antiviral effect during pre- and post-infection conditions suggest that it is likely to have both prophylactic and therapeutic advantages.”

The study shows that chloroquine is effective in preventing SARS-CoV infection in cell culture if the drug is added to the cells 24 h prior to infection."

FORBES QUIETLY UPDATED THEIR ARTICLE ON TRUMP'S STATEMENTS March 19, 2020 
"President Trump said in a Thursday press briefing that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, drugs used to treat malaria and severe arthritis, were approved by the Food and Drug Administration to test as a COVID-19 coronavirus treatment, as the number of cases nationwide continues to increase.

The drugs WILL be used in a clinical trial, according to FDA commissioner Dr. Stephen Hahn, who spoke during the press briefing.

Key background: The medical journal Clinical Infectious Diseases reported March 9 that Plaquenil, the brand-name version of hydroxychloroquine, was effective in killing the coronavirus in laboratory experiments." 

WHAT FORBES AND ALL OTHER MSM FAIL TO REPORT IS THAT THIS DRUG HAS A LONG HISTORY OF USE AGAINST VIRAL AGENTS.


FROM National Center for Biotechnology Information;
U.S. National Library of Medicine 
Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies.
The drug is recommended to be included in the next version of the Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Pneumonia Caused by COVID-19 issued by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China for treatment of COVID-19 infection in larger populations in the future.

FROM PEOPLE MAGAZINE, March 19, 2020:   

“There is evidence that chloroquine is effective when they looked at SARS in vitro with primate cells,” said Dr. Len Horovitz, a pulmonologist and internist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City, told ABC News. “… In vitro in these primate cells, there was evidence that viral particles were significantly reduced when chloroquine was used.”


TESTED IN HUMANS, READILY AVAILABLE WORLDWIDE, SAFE FOR CHILDREN, ELDERLY, PREGNANT WOMEN, AND INEXPENSIVE.

BUT LOOK AT THE NAY-SAYERS IN THE 'MEDICAL PROFESSION'!
THEY MUST NOT WANT AN END TO THIS (POTENTIALLY PROFITABLE) PANDEMIC.

LET'S LOOK AT WHERE THIS DRUG HAS HELPED PATIENTS RECOVER FASTER, HAVE MILDER CASES, AND MAY EVEN BE SEEN AS A PROPHYLACTIC (PREVENTING INFECTION).
THIS EFFECT HAD PREVIOUSLY BEEN SEEN AND TESTED AS FAR BACK AS 2001:

Savarino A; Boelaert JR; Cassone A; Majori G; Cauda R.:
"Effects of chloroquine on viral infections: an old drug against today's diseases?"
-- Lancet Infect Dis. 2003; 3:722-727.

"Chloroquine exerts direct antiviral effects, inhibiting pH-dependent steps of the replication of several viruses including members of the flaviviruses, retroviruses, and coronaviruses.
Its best-studied effects are those against HIV replication, which are being tested in clinical trials.
Moreover, chloroquine has immunomodulatory effects, suppressing the production/release of tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin 6, which mediate the inflammatory complications of several viral diseases.
We review the available information on the effects of chloroquine on viral infections, raising the question of whether this old drug may experience a revival in the clinical management of viral diseases such as AIDS and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), which afflict mankind in the era of globalisation."       
PREVIOUS STUDY, 2001   

Savarino A ;
Gennero L;
Sperber K
Boelaert JR;
"The anti-HIV-1 activity of chloroquine."Journal of Clinical Virology. 2001; 20: 131-135


ON THE PRESTIGIOUS LANCET WEBSITE ARE MANY OTHER REFERENCES FOR SUCH TESTS.
 CLICK HERE AND GO GET SOME.
SOME DATE BACK TO THE 1990s.

Recent guidelines from South Korea and China report that chloroquine is an effective antiviral therapeutic treatment against Coronavirus Disease 2019.

 Use of chloroquine (tablets) is showing favorable outcomes in humans infected with Coronavirus including faster time to recovery and shorter hospital stay. US CDC research shows that chloroquine also has strong potential as a prophylactic (preventative) measure against coronavirus in the lab, while we wait for a vaccine to be developed.

 Chloroquine is an inexpensive, globally available drug that has been in widespread human use since 1945 against malaria, autoimmune and various other conditions.


RECENT TESTS AND POSITIVE RESULTS

1-- CHINA    Yan Y, Zou Z, Sun Y, Li X, Xu KF, Wei Y, Jin N, Jiang C. Anti-malaria drug chloroquine is highly effective in treating avian influenza A H5N1 virus infection in an animal model.
--Cell Res. 2013; 23:300-302.

LAST YEAR, 2019.
Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, Yang X, Liu J, Xu M, Shi Z, Hu Z, Zhong W, Xiao G.;
"Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro."-- Cell Res. 2020.

ABC NEWS, MAR. 19, 2019.

"Both the virus that causes SARS and the virus responsible for COVID-19 belong to the same overarching family of coronaviruses. Researchers in China discovered that the protein spikes on the surface of the COVID-19 virus are similar to the protein spikes found on the surface of the SARS virus."
Researchers in China found that treating patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia with chloroquine may shorten their hospital stay and improve the patient’s outcome.

There are more than 20 ongoing clinical trials in China and more scheduled to start in England, Thailand, South Korea and the United States.2-- FRANCE   
Successful COVID-19 Drug Trial by Professor in France
A renowned research professor in France has reported successful results from a new drug for COVID-19, with early trial suggesting it can stop the virus from being contagious in just six days.

Professor Didier Raoult from infection hospital l’Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection in Marseille (Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur), published a video explaining the trials on Monday, according to the Connexion.

Professor Raoult is an infectious disease specialist and head of the IHU Méditerranée Infection, who has been tasked by – and consulted by – the French government to research possible treatments of COVID-19.

He said that the first COVID-19 patients he had treated with the drug chloroquine had seen a rapid and effective speeding up of their healing process, and a sharp decrease in the amount of time they remained contagious.

Chloroquine – which is normally used mainly to prevent and treat malaria – was administered via the named drug, Plaquenil.

The treatment was offered to 24 patients, who were among the first to become infected in the southeast of France, and who had voluntarily admitted themselves to hospital for the process.

Patients were given 600mcg per day for 10 days. They were closely monitored, as the drug can interact with other medication, and cause severe side effects in some cases.
Chloroquine phosphate and hydroxychloroquine have previously been used to treat coronavirus patients in China, in ongoing COVID-19 clinical trials.

A new academic study, published on Friday by US scientific researchers, also said that chloroquine appeared to be an effective treatment, and appears to align with the findings in France.

It said, “Use of chloroquine (tablets) is showing favorable outcomes in humans infected with Coronavirus including faster time to recovery and shorter hospital stay…

“Research shows that chloroquine also has strong potential as a prophylactic (preventative) measure against coronavirus in the lab, while we wait for a vaccine to be developed.

“Chloroquine is an inexpensive, globally available drug that has been in widespread human use since 1945 against malaria, autoimmune and various other conditions…(it) can be prescribed to adults and children of all ages.

“It can also be safely taken by pregnant women and nursing mothers (and) has been widely used to treat human diseases, such as malaria, amoebiosis, HIV, and autoimmune diseases, without significant detrimental side effects.”          3-- ISRAEL

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (NYSE and TASE: TEVA) announced today the immediate donation of more than 6 million doses of hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets through wholesalers to hospitals across the U.S. to meet the urgent demand for the medicine as an investigational target to treat COVID-19.
The company is also looking at additional ways to address the global need.

Hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets manufactured by Teva are approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of malaria, lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.

Although the product is not currently approved for use in the treatment of COVID-19, it is currently under investigation for efficacy against the coronavirus and has been requested by US government officials to be made available for use immediately.

The Company is also reviewing supply of both hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine globally to determine whether there are additional supply and access opportunities for patients.


4-- SOUTH KOREA

According to the Korea Biomedical Review, in February, the COVID-19 Central Clinical Task Force agreed to treatment principles for coronavirus patients.

"Antimalarial Drug Chloroquine Shows Promise in Treating COVID-19 Coronavirus in China, South Korea"


5-- UNITED STATES
Judith James, M.D., Ph.D., vice president of Clinical Affairs at OMRF, says that she has found chloroquine phosphate highly effective in treating patients with lupus, an autoimmune disease, and explains how the drug may work in people with COVID-19.   

“When malaria gets into a cell, if you change the pH with a drug like chloroquine phosphate, the malaria can’t live,” she says, according to Oklahoma TV station KFOR. “The same goes for a virus like COVID-19.
If you change the pH, the virus cannot assemble, and if can’t assemble, it can’t affect you.”

“That would be really exciting, because it’s a drug that already has FDA approval, and it is readily available,” she says. “If it works, it might treat COVID-19 almost instantly.


Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread
Martin J Vincent, Eric Bergeron, Suzanne Benjannet, Bobbie R Erickson, Pierre E Rollin, Thomas G Ksiazek, Nabil G Seidah and Stuart T Nichol.
--Published: 22 August 2005 in Virology Journal  2:69 doi:10.1186/1743-422X-2-69


In the journal Nature, ‘Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro’ 

[Click on the underlined numbers to go to those reference links]

"Chloroquine, a widely-used anti-malarial and autoimmune disease drug, has recently been reported as a potential broad-spectrum antiviral drug. 8, 9

Chloroquine is known to block virus infection by increasing endosomal pH required for virus/cell fusion, as well as interfering with the glycosylation of cellular receptors of SARS-CoV. 10 

Our time-of-addition assay demonstrated that chloroquine functioned at both entry, and at post-entry stages of the 2019-nCoV infection in Vero E6 cells (Fig. 1c, d).

Besides its antiviral activity, chloroquine has an immune-modulating activity, which may synergistically enhance its antiviral effect in vivo. Chloroquine is widely distributed in the whole body, including lung, after oral administration.

The EC90 value of chloroquine against the 2019-nCoV in Vero E6 cells was 6.90 μM, which can be clinically achievable as demonstrated in the plasma of rheumatoid arthritis patients who received 500 mg administration. 11 

Chloroquine is a cheap and a safe drug that has been used for more than 70 years and, therefore, it is potentially clinically applicable against the 2019-nCoV. "  IT IS MERELY LOGICAL AND SANE TO TRY OLDER DRUGS IN NEW WAYS ON THIS NEW VIRUS, ESPECIALLY GIVEN THAT CHLROQUINE HAS BEEN USED BEFORE DURING THE SARS PANDEMIC AND THAT COVID-19 IS IN THAT SARS FAMILY OF VIRUSES.


There are a number of possibilities with regard to future combinations of antivirals and of antivirals combined with biotherapeutics including nitazoxanide and therapeutic antibodies, as well as immunomodulators.

Combining antivirals with different mechanisms of action, for example, a polymerase inhibitor‐like favipiravir with a NAI ( neuraminidase inhibitors), would be especially interesting for treating more severe forms of influenza or infections in immunocompromised hosts.
It is clear that medical needs exist for more effective therapies for severe influenza, particularly in those who are hospitalised and in immunocompromised hosts.

Considerable progress has been made in the clinical development of intravenous NAIs and to an increasing extent other novel antivirals and biotherapeutics for influenza management. In addition to optimisation of dosing regimens of existing drugs, combination therapies offer great promise going forward.

Selective immunomodulatory interventions, in conjunction with antivirals to control replication, are another promising area for investigation, but the particular type(s) and timing of intervention need to be based on a better understanding of disease pathogenesis.


Why isn’t there more excitement about this readily available treatment?

One possible reason is that chloroquine is a generic drug to which no pharmaceutical company owns the patent.

Big Pharma’s money and lobbying power will strive to persuade governments – and markets – that the only viable solution to the coronavirus is a vaccine.

But in the short term this simply isn’t true.
Nor is it clear to me that the global economy is going to survive on lockdown for as long as it takes to develop and test that vaccine – which may not even prove effective in any case.








__________________________________


END NOTES:Data as of 20 March 2020, reported by WHO: 

Grand total worldwide*
266,073 CASES; 11,184 DEATHS 1344

Cases in U.S.*
United States of America 15,219 CASES; 201 DEATHS

*Numbers include both domestic and repatriated cases.

[THE CDC REFUSES TO UPDATE THEIR DATA ON WEEKENDS, DESPITE AMERICA'S NEED TO KNOW.] 

Region of the Americas (NORTH, CENTRAL AND SOUTH) :
18,877 cases, 235 deaths 


CDC U.S. UPDATES
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html



Lancet study data, full text. 
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(03)00806-5/fulltext



National Institutes of Health study 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5978626/#b13








//WW