FOR THOSE WHO DELIGHT IN PEER-REVIEWED STUDIES, HERE'S ONE I WISH WE DIDN'T HAVE.
FROM MINING AWARENESS WEBSITE, BY MICHAEL COLLINS, THIS:
***UPDATE: 10/17/2016***
FOR THIS ARTICLE AND ANY OTHER IN WHICH I WROTE 'MICHAEL COLLINS OF MINING AWARENESS+ "... I WAS MISTAKEN.
COLLINS IS NOT THE AUTHOR OF THAT BLOG SITE, BUT IS AT LEAST ONE OF THE AUTHORS AT ENVIRO REPORTER.
THE TEA ROOM APOLOGIZES FOR SUCH WRONG INFORMATION AND WILL DO MY BEST NOT TO MAKE THE SAME MISTAKE TWICE.
MEA CULPA.
***(END UPDATE)***
November 9, 2015
Mass Mortality among Rocky Shore Invertebrates across 100 km of Northeastern Pacific Coastline - Peer Reviewed Article
“By far, of all the marine invertebrates, the largest levels of plutonium are found in benthic organisms and those predators feeding on benthic organisms...
The starfish, in each case, were collected as they were feeding on the mussel beds. The Pu concentration, although different in each sample, was about four times that found in the mussels upon which each was feeding…
Carey (1969) found, from studies of.. Oregon coastal starfish, that the prey, rather than the environment, was the main route through which this radioisotope was transferred to the starfish.”
(Noshkin et. al. 1971)
[About benthic animals: http://www.fisheries.is/ecosystem/marine-life/benthic-animals/]
“In late August and September 2011, intertidal populations of two echinoderms—S. purpuratus and Leptasterias sp.—were decimated over a large, continuous region. We found only ten surviving intertidal purple urchins out of a prior regional population we estimate at many millions of individuals.
There were no obvious physical stressors (e.g., a storm, heavy rainfall event, or heat wave) that occurred during late August and early September 2011, when the onset of mortality was observed…
The geographic scale, rapidity, and taxonomic scope of this mass mortality event are notable, as is the high mortality rate for purple urchins and six-armed sea stars.
No previously documented mortality event has been so severe over such a large region”
[Jurgens LJ, et. al. (2015) “Patterns of Mass Mortality among Rocky Shore Invertebrates across 100 km of Northeastern Pacific Coastline“. PLoS ONE 10(6): e0126280.]
IT CERTAINLY IS NOT JUST INVERTEBRATES WHICH HAVE SEEN MASS MORTALITY EVENTS!
i BELIEVE THE LATEST COUNT PUT IT AT ABOUT 400 TO 600 MARINE SPECIES THAT HAVE FACED MASS DIE-OFFS THE PAST 4 YEARS.
WE'VE LOST ALMOST HALF THE ENTIRE MARINE POPULATION!
NOW, LET'S LOOK AT THE NUCLEAR ACCIDENT AT THE DAIICHI NUCLEAR POWER PLANT USING ILLUSTRATIONS AND A VIDEO BY OUR U.S. AGENCIES, THE VIDEO COMING FROM NOAA.
KEEP IN MIND THAT TEPCO AND THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT, THE TWO CO-OWNERS OF DAIICHI, HAVE ADMITTED THROUGH THE YEARS THAT RADIATION IS STILL LEAKING FROM THE POWER PLANT, THAT FALLOUT CONTINUES ... FROM THE PLANT ITSELF, FROM RADIOACTIVE DEBRIS BURNING SITES ACROSS JAPAN, AND FROM HUNDREDS TO THOUSANDS OF MASSIVE, ABOVE-GROUND STACKS OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE, SOIL, AND WATER CONTAINERS.
IT HAS NEVER BEEN A SECRET THAT WE GET DAILY FALLOUT, ALMOST FIVE YEARS AFTER THE ACCIDENT, FROM FUKUSHIMA.
IMAGE BELOW, CURRENTS OF THE PACIFIC...NOTICE DIRECTIONS OF MOVEMENT, AND REMEMBER THAT THE DAIICHI PLANT IS STILL DUMPING AN ADMITTED HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF GALLONS OF RADIOACTIVE COOLING WATER INTO THE PACIFIC OCEAN EVERY DAY.
AND THEN THERE'S THE RUNOFF FROM THE HIGHLY CONTAMINATED SITE WHEN IT RAINS THERE, MORE SO DURING TYPHOONS.
SIMPLY FOLLOW THE CURRENTS, SEE WHERE THEY GO.
Larger image <HERE>.
YES, THAT'S A NOAA IMAGE.
BELOW, THE VIDEO FROM NOAA THAT SHOWED THE INITIAL FALLOUT PLUME, BUT AS TEPCO ADMITS, THE FALLOUT MAY CONTINUE FOR 40 TO 200 YEARS AS THEY CURRENTLY HAVE NO TECHNOLOGY TO CLEAN UP THE SITE, FIND THE MELTED FUEL CORES, STOP THE LEAKS AND STOP WHAT THEY CALL THEIR NEED TO DUMP RADIOACTIVE WATER DAILY INTO THE OCEAN.
SO, LOOKING AT THE VIDEO, JUST SEE IT AS A CONTINUAL, NEVERENDING LOOP.
DO TRY A FULL SCREEN VIEW OF THIS.
NOTICE ESPECIALLY THE DRIFT UP TOWARD ALASKA, THE ARCTIC.
THE IMAGE AND THE VIDEO ESTABLISH THAT RADIATION FROM FUKUSHIMA, IN THE OCEAN AND ABOVE IT, IS CONTINUOUSLY BOMBARDING THE AMERICAN WEST COAST.
NEXT PIECE OF THE PUZZLE ABOUT THE MASS DIE-OFFS....ALGAE.
ALGAE'S ROLL?IT USUALLY THRIVES IN RADIOACTIVE WATER AND IT HAS BLOOMED LIKE CRAZY SINCE THE FUKUSHIMA DISASTER.
1957 report on the Clinch River and adjacent Tennessee waters contained the interesting observation that seepage pits were continuously green with algae in spite of radiation as high as 400mR/hr...
SEE ALSO, "Life in Extreme Environments" article by the National Space Society.
“Sea urchins move slowly, and feed on mostly algae.”
ALGAE and kelp would easily absorb radioactive iodine and flourish.
Bacteria can also flourish under highly radioactive conditions.
Radioactive iodine from Fukushima was found in high concentrations in California kelp shortly after Fukushima.
SOON after...SOON, not months, not years!
Iodine 131 has a half life of 8 days, but Iodine 129 has a half life of 15.7 million years.
Jurgens (2015) et. al. state that: “We observed strongly discolored seawater indicating high near-shore plankton concentrations beginning August 24, 2011 and lasting for the next week. Chlorophyll-a data suggest a phytoplankton bloom early in the month, and a second bloom beginning around August 22, which peaked between August 26 and 29, 2011…”
Uptake of radionuclides by phytoplankton (e.g. algae) has been long documented and studied, as in this 1956 USGS article:
“The Accumulation and Exchange of Strontium by Marine Planktonic Algae”
[ US. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1956: http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_1/issue_2/0123.pdf ]
Different algae react to different radionuclides in different ways.Here is a recent study about using algae to clean-up radionuclides after nuclear accidents:
“Here we describe the accumulation of water-soluble radionuclides released by nuclear reactors by a novel strain of alga.
The newly discovered green microalgae, Parachlorella sp. binos (Binos) has a thick alginate-containing extracellular matrix and abundant chloroplasts.
When this strain was cultured with radioiodine, a light-dependent uptake of radioiodine was observed. In dark conditions, radioiodine uptake was induced by addition of hydrogen superoxide.
High-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) showed a localization of accumulated iodine in the cytosol.
This alga also exhibited highly efficient incorporation of the radioactive isotopes strontium and cesium in a light-independent manner. SIMS analysis showed that strontium was distributed in the extracellular matrix of Binos.
Finally we also showed the ability of this strain to accumulate radioactive nuclides from water and soil samples collected from a heavily contaminated area in Fukushima.
Our results demonstrate that Binos could be applied to the decontamination of iodine, strontium and cesium radioisotopes, which are most commonly encountered after nuclear reactor accidents.”
[ See, “Absorption of Radionuclides from the Fukushima Nuclear Accident by a Novel Algal Strain“, by Hiroki Shimura, Katsuhiko Itoh, Atsushi Sugiyama, Sayaka Ichijo, Masashi Ichijo, Fumihiko Furuya, Yuji Nakamura, Ken Kitahara, Kazuhiko Kobayashi, Yasuhiro Yukawa, Tetsuro Kobayashi Published: September 12, 2012DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044200
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0044200 ]
WHAT RIDES IN THOSE OCEAN CURRENTS AND WHAT DOES THE ALGAE NOW CONTAIN?
“Winds drive ocean currents in the upper 100 meters of the ocean’s surface.
However, ocean currents also flow thousands of meters below the surface“...
[http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/currents/06conveyor.html]
ADD OCEAN SEDIMENTS TO THE MIX.
Radionuclides in Sediment vs. Seawater and in Plankton-Marine Invertebrates (e.g. Sea Stars)
[THIS WAS A GOVERNMENT FUNDED STUDY DONE BY NONE OTHER THAN WOODS HOLE IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE SCRIPPS INSTITUTE IN 1971.]
“In general plutonium concentrations are higher in organisms feeding on sediment or on surfaces than in those drawing largely on the water itself.
There is some evidence that plutonium concentrations are higher In organisms of higher trophic levels…
When the much higher relative biological effectiveness of alpha versus beta or gamma radiation is considered, plutonium isotopes now contribute more than either Sr 90 or Cs 137 to the artificial radiation of marine Invertebrates.
… plutonium isotopes are being introduced to the aquatic environment from nuclear fuel reprocessing Installations (Kelleher 1969, Mitchell 1969, Templeton and Preston 1966), detected periodically in air, water and soil samples near plutonium fabrication facilities (Anon. 1970), and released following accidents involving nuclear devices (Aarkrog 1970).
We need only to acknowledge the growing use of plutonium in the nuclear industry to realize there is a need to understand the behavior, fate and transfer of plutonium within the aquatic environment.”
[Note that Starfish are often called Sea Stars, since they are not fish.]
THE FIRST PAGE OF THAT WOODS HOLE STUDY SHOWN BELOW.SEE THE ENTIRE STUDY <HERE>.
LARGER IMAGE <HERE>.
WHY HAS WOODS HOLE FORGOTTEN WHAT THEIR OWN 'TEAM' DETERMINED OVER 40 YEARS AGO?
ALGAE SOAKS UP AND EVEN THRIVES IN RADIATION LEVELS THAT OTHER ORGANISMS JUST CAN'T HANDLE!
ALGAE IS A POSSIBLE "CLEAN-UP TOOL" FOR RADIATION CATASTROPHES LIKE FUKUSHIMA.
WHAT HAS RECENTLY BLOOMED AND BLOOMED OFF THE PACIFIC COAST, FROM SOUTH AMERICA EVEN UP TO ALASKA?
ALGAE.
WHAT FEEDS ON ALGAE?
IN THE END, EVERYTHING IN THE OCEAN CONSUMES ALGAE AS THE FOOD CHAIN BEGINS WITH PHYTOPLANKTON...ALGAE.
IT'S GOBBLED UP BY SOME DIRECTLY, THEN SOMETHING ELSE EATS THOSE ORGANISMS, YET ANOTHER SOMETHING EATS THOSE, AND WE COME TO WHALES, DOLPHINS, TUNA, EVERYTHING OUT THERE, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY EATING ALGAE.
THE RADIONUCLIDES, AS WE HAVE BEEN SHOWN BEFORE, BIOACCUMULATE, BUILD UP IN THE SYSTEMS OF ANIMALS.
WOODS HOLE IS NO LONGER MENTIONING THIS.
DARE WE WONDER WHY, SINCE IT WAS THEIR GUYS WHO FIRST NOTICED IT....OVER 40 YEARS AGO?
WOODS HOLE IS ALSO NO LONGER MENTIONING THE OTHER CESIUM, CALLED THE "FUKUSHIMA FINGERPRINT", CESIUM 134, WITH A HALF-LIFE OF 2 YEARS.
WOODS HOLE DOES NOT MENTION STRONTIUM, POLONIUM, AMERICIUM OR A COUPLE DOZEN OTHER RADIOACTIVE PARTICLES LEAKING FROM FUKUSHIMA EVERY DAY.
WHY NOT?
COLLINS, AGAIN, HAS THE ANSWER TO WHY WOODS HOLE IS IGNORING THE "OLD FACTS", ALL THE OLD DATA, WHICH HAS NOT CHANGED ONE IOTA...
"So, when the levels of cesium are reported but no mention is made of plutonium, then that should raise eyebrows as well.
This is more true with Buesseler [KEN BUESSELER, WOODS HOLE'S CHIEF DENIER THAT ALL THE MASS DIE-OFFS ARE RELATED TO RADIATION] whose expertise is testing for plutonium.
Many researchers lack the money and expertise.
BUESSELER HAD BOTH.
Cesium mimics potassium in the body. Potassium is necessary for nerve transmission and heart function.
Cesium great or small is not ok, even though the English speaking world is allowing 1,000 to 1,200 Bq/kg of Cesium in food (kg is 2.2 pounds; Bq is a radioactive emission per second).
Japan only allows 100 Bq/kg.
What is allowed as food in the US, Australia, and Canada would be nuclear waste in Japan.
Note that Europe only allows 600 Bq/kg and only 100 Bq/kg if food is imported from Japan. The UK, however, has allowed 1,000 Bq/kg for livestock impacted by Chernobyl, which is not exported.
In the late 80s-early 90s Buesseler was writing about radionuclides from Chernobyl in the Black Sea.
He has also written about iron, which plutonium mimics.
He hasn’t said much about plutonium at Fukushima – not since 2012 that we’ve found. Certainly no mention of plutonium on the Canadian coast in today’s news releases:
“Fukushima disaster radiation detected off Canada’s coast: Trace amounts of Cesium-134 and Cesium-137 detected in samples collected off the coast of Ucluelet, a small town on Vancouver Island in British Columbia."
http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/apr/07/fukushima-disaster-radiation-detected-off-canadas-coast
Cesium and plutonium get into your food and body; they are not the same as an x-ray which is over and done with.
Buesseler is a sick, fancy liar, or delusional, on that alone.
Assuming you have access to cesium free food (increasingly unlikely) cesium will stay in your body a couple of years; plutonium will stay a life-time.
No cesium is safe; no plutonium is safe. "
[Thanks much to Michael Collins for his articles cited above.]
WHY, SINCE BUESSELER IS AN EXPERT ON FINDING PLUTONIUM IN VARIOUS ORGANISMS, DOESN'T WOODS HOLE HAVE HIM REPORTING ON PLUTONIUM LEVELS IN MARINE LIFE IN THE PACIFIC?
THEY HAVE A $75,000 MACHINE THAT CAN TEST FOR PLUTONIUM, BUT... THEY CHARGE $600,000 PER TEST!
THAT SURE WON'T BE APPROVED BY A CONGRESS CONTROLLED BY THOSE WHO DON'T GIVE 2 CENTS ABOUT THE PACIFIC OCEAN, NOR THE ENVIRONMENT IN GENERAL!
IT WOULD BE FAR CHEAPER FOR AMERICAN TAXPAYERS TO BUY THEIR OWN $75,000 MACHINE AND RUN THE TESTS.
AT LEAST THEN WE'D KNOW WHAT'S OUT THERE AND HOW MUCH IS OUT THERE!
NO LEVEL OF RADIATION IS SAFE AND OUR OWN EPA AGREES.
NO LEVEL OF RADIATION IS A SAFE LEVEL INSIDE THE HUMAN BODY.
I COULD SCARCELY BELIEVE THE EPA MADE SUCH A BOLD STATEMENT IN 2015!
[SEE IT <HERE> AS WELL.]
NOR IS ANY LEVEL OF RADIATION SAFE INSIDE ANY BODY, AS WE CAN WITNESS IN THE RECURRING MASS DIE-OFFS EVERY YEAR SINCE THE FUKUSHIMA DISASTER ALL ALONG THE PACIFIC COAST, BOTH SIDES OF THAT OCEAN.
WITH EVIDENCE MOUNTING AND MORE SCIENTISTS PUSHING FOR IN-DEPTH TESTING OF MARINE ORGANISMS, ESPECIALLY SINCE THOSE SEAL PUPS' RESULTS SHOWED LEUKEMIA, MAYBE WE'LL SOON HAVE FULL DISCLOSURE.
IF OUR GUYS WERE HALF AS HONEST AS EVEN TEPCO HAS BEEN (WHO HAS BEEN SINCERELY DISHONEST), WE'D ALL BE BETTER OFF.
KNOWING THE TRUTH IS VITALLY IMPORTANT TO ALL OF US.
WE NEED TO HEAR THE TRUTH SO WE CAN DO WHAT CAN BE DONE TO HELP OURSELVES AND THOSE WE LOVE DEAL WITH THIS.
WE REALLY ARE ON OUR OWN.
But more each day are awakening to the truth.
That's a start...
______________________________
Further reading:
~ Woods Hole professors' ties to nuclear industry, uranium mining.
~ IT ISN'T JUST RADIATION...WE'VE LOST ABOUT 700 MARINE SPECIES TO INGESTION OF OR ENTANGLEMENT IN PLASTICS OUT THERE IN THE BIG OCEANS.
700 SPECIES!
~ NOAA's video info:
http://sos.noaa.gov/Datasets/dataset.php?id=332
~ Additional models: Particle tracing.
http://polar.ncep.noaa.gov/mmab/papers/tn309/MMAB_309.pdf
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